What is the main role of the queen ant?

The primary function of the queen ant is to mate and ensure the continuation of the colony by laying eggs. The queen typically engages in mating during her nuptial flight, after which she loses her wings and establishes a new colony. She is responsible for producing the first generation of worker ants that will take on various roles within the colony, such as foraging, building, and defending the nest. This reproductive role is crucial for the sustainability of the colony, as the queen's ability to produce offspring directly influences the colony's growth and survival.

While foraging, building, and defending the colony are vital activities carried out by worker ants, the queen's primary focus remains on reproduction. This differentiation of roles within the ant colony is a hallmark of social insect behavior, promoting efficiency and specialization. Thus, the correct choice highlights the unique and singular role of the queen ant in the lifecycle of the colony.